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No, your income doesn’t directly impact your credit score. But your income does play a role in the loan approval process, so you should understand why your income matters to help you prepare for your next loan application.
What affects your credit score?
Your credit score is based on your credit report. So, naturally, only the things on your credit report can—and should—affect your credit score. And income isn’t one of the things included on a credit report. Additionally, other factors, such as your marital status, race, employment status and how much you have in savings, aren’t included in your credit report. Your credit report is only supposed to summarize your past behavior when borrowing credit, so factors like income and savings aren’t applicable.
The credit bureaus collect consumer data from lenders and creditors. This data is run through a credit scoring model, such as the FICO® or VantageScore® models, to give each individual a credit score. Your credit score tells creditors how risky you are as a borrower based on your past patterns with other lenders. The higher your credit score, the more reliable a borrower you probably are.
So, if your credit score doesn’t look at income, what exactly does it look at? Your credit score is made up of five factors that are weighted differently in importance:
- Payment history (35 percent): Your payment history is a record of whether payments are made on time and in full. This is the most significant factor in your credit score, so making even one late payment or missing a payment can drop your score by several points. On the other hand, a good track record of paying lenders on time can improve your overall credit.
- Amounts owed (30 percent): Amounts owed represents your credit usage, also known as your credit utilization ratio. This ratio is the amount of credit available to you versus the amount you spend every month. If you have a single credit card with a limit of $10,000 and spend $1,500 monthly, your ratio is 15 percent. A credit utilization above 30 percent is more likely to negatively affect your credit score.
- Credit history length (15 percent): Your credit age is the average age of all your credit accounts. This will naturally improve with time as your accounts get older. However, you can keep your credit age as high as possible by not closing your oldest account.
- Credit mix (10 percent): Your credit mix is all the different types of credit that make up your profile. Having a diverse credit portfolio shows that you can be responsible with all sorts of lenders. A combination of installment loans (car loans, student loans, mortgage) and revolving accounts (credit cards) is optimal.
- New credit (10 percent): The number of new credit accounts you’ve opened recently—and the associated hard inquiries—can impact your score. It’s not recommended that you open several new accounts in a short period, as it can significantly lower your credit score.
Your income can indirectly affect your credit score
As we’ve illustrated, your income isn’t one of the factors considered for your credit score. But your income can impact your ability to make your payments on time and in full, and payment history is the largest factor of your credit score.
But perhaps more importantly, your income will typically have a direct effect on your loan approval odds. For example, when applying for a mortgage, both your income and credit score will be used to evaluate you as a borrower. How much you make combined with your credit score will determine how much you’re approved to borrow and at what loan terms.
Lenders often ask you to list your income on loan applications so they can understand how much you can afford to borrow. If you don’t have enough income to pay for or handle the credit you’re applying for, that can prevent you from being approved.
Understand your debt-to-income ratio
Your debt-to-income (DTI) ratio will be examined when you apply for credit and will play a role in your approval or denial. The debt-to-income ratio is how much of your income goes to debt versus how much you have left over. So, if you have a monthly income of $4,000 and spend $1,200 on your monthly bills, your debt-to-income ratio is 30 percent.
If your debt-to-income ratio is very high, it indicates that you probably don’t have the income room to take on new, additional debt. Generally speaking, lenders want to see a debt-to-income ratio of less than 36 percent to give approval for new credit or loans, with a DTI maximum of 43 percent for mortgages.
Note that it’s your income—not your salary—used in the DTI ratio. Your salary is the annual amount of money you receive from an employer. In comparison, your income includes your salary and any additional monetary sources, such as rental payments, stock profits, alimony and more. Income is the criteria used when you’re applying for a loan or credit product because all these additional sources of revenue can help you pay your debts.
Work to improve your DTI ratio and credit
You might not be able to drastically improve your income right away, but you can try to focus on your DTI. Start by determining what your current debt-to-income ratio is. Next, do what you can to lower it. Pay off existing debts and reduce your monthly spending where possible.
Additionally, focus on the main credit factors so you can improve your overall credit. Make all your payments on time by signing up for auto-payments. Keep your credit utilization low, minimize hard inquiries and keep old accounts open. If you have a strong credit score and a healthy DTI, it’s entirely possible to qualify for a good loan with excellent terms on a modest income.
If you think you’ve made a misstep with your credit and you’re not sure how to fix it, consider working with a professional credit repair service. The credit repair consultants at Lexington Law Firm will review your credit reports with you and offer credit education resources. You don’t have to go through this complicated process on your own—get help today.
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